Lived Experiences of Nonmedical Use of Tramadol among Urban Slum-dwelling Youth in Ghana: a Qualitative Study

Abstract

The world is witnessing a pharmaceutical opioid crisis, and in Africa�s version, the nonmedical use of Tramadol is prevalent in vulnerable populations. However, data on the factors promoting nonmedical use of Tramadol in slums is generally lacking. The study explored the factors that promote the nonmedical use of Tramadol among urban slum?dwelling youth in the Asokore Mampong Municipality, Ghana. This qualitative study recruited 20 nonmedical Tramadol users from Asawase and Aboabo. Data were gathered through face?to?face, in?depth interviews via the snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed using themes and direct quotations. The study observed that Tramadol was used in quantities exceeding what is medically acceptable, many times per day, and often with other psychoactive substances. Use was motivated by physical benefits (reducing tiredness, pain relief, sexual enhancement) and psychological benefits (mood enhancement). Easy accessibility, affordability, and lax control measures contribute to its nonmedical use alongside other substances. The extent of abuse in the study setting needs urgent attention. Educational programs, counseling interventions, and effective drug monitoring and surveillance are recommended to curb the menace.