Determinants of Developmental Outcomes for Children Under 3 Years in a Rural Setting, Kenya

Abstract

A large proportion of children in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are at risk of poor developmental outcomes, which in turn are linked to later challenges in schooling and work. While various determinants of development have been documented, these are less clearly defined within rural Kenyan contexts. This study evaluates the factors associated with developmental outcomes among children under 3 years in Siaya County, a rural area of Kenya. A cross sectional survey of 149 children under 3 years and their caregivers attending rural tier 3 Child Welfare Clinics was conducted and Positive associations with developmental outcomes were observed among children whose caregivers were married and employed. Earning less than USD 100 per month was negatively associated. Early learning opportunities and responsive caregiving behaviors showed strong positive effects.The findings underscore the importance of caregiver socio demographic characteristics and quality of nurturing care in supporting developmental outcomes for young children. Policies and programs that enable caregivers to provide stimulating environments may enhance child development in rural Kenya.