Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Urban Areas of Africa: Situational Analysis and Opportunities for Improvement. In: Elaine O. Nsoesie and Blessing Mberu (Editors), Urban Health in Africa

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive situational analysis of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, services, and behaviors in African urban settings, with an emphasis on informal settlements and rapidly growing cities. It highlights disparities in access across neighborhoods, differences between urban slums and formal urban dwellings, and examines drivers of inequity such as income levels, education, and governance gaps. The analysis draws on current data and case studies to identify critical challenges in water supply, sanitation facilities, and hygiene practices, particularly in densely populated slum areas. The chapter identifies opportunities for improvement through targeted investments, community engagement, inclusive utilities, and integrated WASH policy design. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening WASH service delivery for improved public health, gender equity, and urban resilience.