Effect of Community-Led Total Sanitation on Open Defecation in Uganda: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Abstract

This study assessed the effectiveness of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) interventions in reducing open defecation in Uganda. Using a propensity score-matched approach, the analysis compared households exposed to CLTS activities with similar non-exposed households. Findings show that CLTS significantly reduced open defecation practices and increased latrine ownership. However, sustained behavior change varied across communities. The study supports the continued use of CLTS as a community empowerment strategy while highlighting the need for long-term follow-up.