Validation of the Global Scales of Early Development (GSED) Tool in Rural Western Kenya

Abstract

This study aimed to create and verify a reliable scale measuring fathers' involvement in caregiving activities for young children in rural Western Kenya. Using baseline data from 460 primary caregivers (91.3% mothers) in a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in February - March 2023, researchers applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to a 25-item father involvement scale. They identified four distinct dimensions of paternal engagement: 1) childcare activities, 2) play and affection, 3) household chores, and 4) early learning activities. All four factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and validity. Additionally, higher father involvement across these domains was linked to better paternal and maternal psychosocial outcomes and enhanced early child cognitive, language, motor, and socio-emotional development